Thursday, 21 June 2012

MPLS: Inter-AS VPNs – Option 2-C – Multi-hop between ASBRs

MPLS: Inter-AS VPNs – Option 2-C – Multi-hop between ASBRs

Simple Topology to understand Inter-AS VPNs using Option 2C: Multi-hop between ASBRs


·         PE1, P1 and ASBR1 are part of AS 100.
·         PE2, P2 and ASBR2 are part of AS 200.
·         ASBR1 and ASBR2 are peering MP-BGP VPNv4 using loopbacks, ebgp-multi-hop is required (simply assume ASBRs are not directly connected, there might be some other routers in between)

Label Distribution:

·         Label distribution is same as described in the previous posts Option 2A or 2B, except that now we need to enable MPLS between ASBRS to reach their loopbacks.
·         Since ASBRs are not directly connected, we need to build the transport label to reach their loopbacks from each other. (I should run IGP between ASBRs)
·         If I configure with next-hop-self command on ASBRs towards PEs, now I have Transport labels between ASBRs. This is only the difference.

I have used EIGRP between ASBRs:

ASBR1(config-router)#router eigrp 100
ASBR1(config-router)#network 100.1.78.7 0.0.0.0
ASBR1(config-router)#network 7.7.7.7 0.0.0.0
ASBR1(config-router)#no auto-summary
*Jun 21 22:54:12.453: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 100.1.78.8 (Serial1/1) is up: new adjacency
ASBR1(config-router)#int ser1/1
ASBR1(config-if)#mpls ip
ASBR1(config-if)#
*Jun 21 22:54:47.357: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 8.8.8.8:0 (2) is UP
ASBR1(config-if)#


ASBR2(config-router)#router eigrp 100
ASBR2(config-router)#network 100.1.78.8 0.0.0.0
ASBR2(config-router)#no auto-summary
*Jun 21 22:54:12.757: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 100.1.78.7 (Serial1/1) is up: new adjacency
ASBR2(config-router)#network 8.8.8.8 0.0.0.0
ASBR2(config-router)#int ser1/1
ASBR2(config-if)#mpls ip
ASBR2(config-if)#
*Jun 21 22:54:47.581: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 7.7.7.7:0 (2) is UP
ASBR2(config-if)#

EBGP between ASBRs using loopbacks

ASBR1(config-router)#do show run | begin router bgp 100
router bgp 100
 bgp router-id 7.7.7.7
 no bgp default ipv4-unicast
 no bgp default route-target filter
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 100
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 8.8.8.8 remote-as 200
 neighbor 8.8.8.8 ebgp-multihop 255
 neighbor 8.8.8.8 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 100.1.78.8 remote-as 200
 !
 address-family vpnv4
  neighbor 1.1.1.1 activate
  neighbor 1.1.1.1 send-community extended
  neighbor 1.1.1.1 next-hop-self
  neighbor 8.8.8.8 activate
  neighbor 8.8.8.8 send-community extended
 exit-address-family
!

ASBR2(config-router-af)#do show run | begin router bgp 200
router bgp 200
 bgp router-id 8.8.8.8
 no bgp default ipv4-unicast
 no bgp default route-target filter
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 200
 neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 remote-as 100
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 ebgp-multihop
 neighbor 7.7.7.7 update-source Loopback0
 !
 address-family vpnv4
  neighbor 4.4.4.4 activate
  neighbor 4.4.4.4 send-community extended
  neighbor 4.4.4.4 next-hop-self
  neighbor 7.7.7.7 activate
  neighbor 7.7.7.7 send-community extended
 exit-address-family
!

PE1#show ip bgp vpnv4 all
BGP table version is 15, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 100:1 (default for vrf VPN_A)
*> 10.1.15.0/24     0.0.0.0                  0         32768 ?
*>i10.1.46.0/24     7.7.7.7                  0    100      0 200 ?
*> 11.11.11.11/32   10.1.15.5               65         32768 ?
*>i12.12.12.12/32   7.7.7.7                  0    100      0 200 ?
PE1#

CE1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.1.15.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA    10.1.46.0 [110/65] via 10.1.15.1, 00:06:17, Serial1/0
     11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       11.11.11.11 is directly connected, Loopback0
     12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    12.12.12.12 [110/65] via 10.1.15.1, 00:06:17, Serial1/0
CE1#
CE1#ping 12.12.12.12

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.12, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 156/200/256 ms
CE1#


PE2#show ip bgp vpnv4 all
BGP table version is 9, local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 100:1 (default for vrf VPN_A)
*>i10.1.15.0/24     8.8.8.8                  0    100      0 100 ?
*> 10.1.46.0/24     0.0.0.0                  0         32768 ?
*>i11.11.11.11/32   8.8.8.8                  0    100      0 100 ?
*> 12.12.12.12/32   10.1.46.6               65         32768 ?
PE2#

CE2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA    10.1.15.0 [110/65] via 10.1.46.4, 00:07:36, Serial1/0
C       10.1.46.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
     11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    11.11.11.11 [110/65] via 10.1.46.4, 00:07:36, Serial1/0
     12.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.12 is directly connected, Loopback0
CE2#
CE2#ping 11.11.11.11

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 11.11.11.11, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 144/184/240 ms
CE2#

Observations:

·         Mutual redistribution between OSPF VRF and MP-BGP is working fine.
·         CE routers are successfully learning the routers from other CE.
·         In PE2, next-hop is 8.8.8.8 (ASBR2) for 11.11.11.11/32
·         In PE1, next-hop is 7.7.7.7 (ASBR1) for 12.12.12.12/32

Let’s observe next-hop values on ASBRs:

ASBR1#show ip bgp vpnv4 all
BGP table version is 17, local router ID is 7.7.7.7
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 100:1
*>i10.1.15.0/24     1.1.1.1                  0    100      0 ?
*> 10.1.46.0/24     8.8.8.8                                0 200 ?
*>i11.11.11.11/32   1.1.1.1                 65    100      0 ?
*> 12.12.12.12/32   8.8.8.8                                0 200 ?
ASBR1#

Observations:

·         Next-hop is 1.1.1.1 for the routes advertised by PE1 (11.11.11.11/32)
·         Next-hop is 8.8.8.8 for the routes advertised by PE2 (12.12.12.12/32); original next-hop 4.4.4.4 is changed by ASBR2 while sending it to ASBR1.

ASBR2#show ip bgp vpnv4 all
BGP table version is 17, local router ID is 8.8.8.8
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 100:1
*> 10.1.15.0/24     7.7.7.7                                0 100 ?
*>i10.1.46.0/24     4.4.4.4                  0    100      0 ?
*> 11.11.11.11/32   7.7.7.7                                0 100 ?
*>i12.12.12.12/32   4.4.4.4                 65    100      0 ?
ASBR2#

Observations:

·         Next-hop is 4.4.4.4 for the routes advertised by PE2 (12.12.12.12/32)
·         Next-hop is 7.7.7.7 for the routes advertised by PE1 (11.11.11.11/32); original next-hop 1.1.1.1 is changed by ASBR1 while sending it to ASBR2.

Let’s see what is happening with the labels

We will observe labels for 11.11.11.11 and 12.12.12.12

PE1#show ip bgp vpnv4 all labels
   Network          Next Hop      In label/Out label
Route Distinguisher: 100:1 (VPN_A)
   10.1.15.0/24     0.0.0.0         21/aggregate(VPN_A)
   10.1.46.0/24     7.7.7.7         nolabel/27
   11.11.11.11/32   10.1.15.5       22/nolabel
   12.12.12.12/32   7.7.7.7         nolabel/26

PE1#show mpls forwarding-table
Local  Outgoing    Prefix            Bytes tag  Outgoing   Next Hop
tag    tag or VC   or Tunnel Id      switched   interface
16     Pop tag     2.2.2.2/32        0          Se1/1      point2point
17     Pop tag     100.1.27.0/24     0          Se1/1      point2point
18     17          7.7.7.7/32        0          Se1/1      point2point
21     Aggregate   10.1.15.0/24[V]   520
22     Untagged    11.11.11.11/32[V] 1040       Se1/0      point2point
PE1#
PE1#show ip cef vrf VPN_A 12.12.12.12
12.12.12.12/32, version 20, epoch 0, cached adjacency to Serial1/1
0 packets, 0 bytes
  tag information set
    local tag: VPN-route-head
    fast tag rewrite with Se1/1, point2point, tags imposed: {17 26}
  via 7.7.7.7, 0 dependencies, recursive
    next hop 100.1.12.2, Serial1/1 via 7.7.7.7/32
    valid cached adjacency
    tag rewrite with Se1/1, point2point, tags imposed: {17 26}
PE1#

PE2#show ip bgp vpnv4 all labels
   Network          Next Hop      In label/Out label
Route Distinguisher: 100:1 (VPN_A)
   10.1.15.0/24     8.8.8.8         nolabel/25
   10.1.46.0/24     0.0.0.0         21/aggregate(VPN_A)
   11.11.11.11/32   8.8.8.8         nolabel/21
   12.12.12.12/32   10.1.46.6       22/nolabel

PE2#show mpls forwarding-table
Local  Outgoing    Prefix            Bytes tag  Outgoing   Next Hop
tag    tag or VC   or Tunnel Id      switched   interface
16     Pop tag     100.1.38.0/24     0          Se1/1      point2point
17     Pop tag     3.3.3.3/32        0          Se1/1      point2point
18     17          8.8.8.8/32        0          Se1/1      point2point
21     Aggregate   10.1.46.0/24[V]   1040
22     Untagged    12.12.12.12/32[V] 520        Se1/0      point2point
PE2#
PE2#show ip cef vrf VPN_A 11.11.11.11
11.11.11.11/32, version 22, epoch 0, cached adjacency to Serial1/1
0 packets, 0 bytes
  tag information set
    local tag: VPN-route-head
    fast tag rewrite with Se1/1, point2point, tags imposed: {17 21}
  via 8.8.8.8, 0 dependencies, recursive
    next hop 100.1.34.3, Serial1/1 via 8.8.8.8/32
    valid cached adjacency
    tag rewrite with Se1/1, point2point, tags imposed: {17 21}
PE2#

ASBR1#show ip bgp vpnv4 all labels
   Network          Next Hop      In label/Out label
Route Distinguisher: 100:1
   10.1.15.0/24     1.1.1.1         23/21
   10.1.46.0/24     8.8.8.8         27/26
   11.11.11.11/32   1.1.1.1         25/22
   12.12.12.12/32   8.8.8.8         26/27

ASBR1#

ASBR1#show mpls forwarding-table
Local  Outgoing    Prefix            Bytes tag  Outgoing   Next Hop
tag    tag or VC   or Tunnel Id      switched   interface
16     16          1.1.1.1/32        0          Se1/0      point2point
17     Pop tag     2.2.2.2/32        0          Se1/0      point2point
18     Pop tag     100.1.12.0/24     0          Se1/0      point2point
23     21          100:1:10.1.15.0/24    \
                                     560        Se1/0      point2point
25     22          100:1:11.11.11.11/32    \
                                     1120       Se1/0      point2point
26     27          100:1:12.12.12.12/32    \
                                     540        Se1/1      point2point
27     26          100:1:10.1.46.0/24    \
                                     1080       Se1/1      point2point
28     Pop tag     8.8.8.8/32        0          Se1/1      point2point
ASBR1#

ASBR2#show ip bgp vpnv4 all labels
   Network          Next Hop      In label/Out label
Route Distinguisher: 100:1
   10.1.15.0/24     7.7.7.7         25/23
   10.1.46.0/24     4.4.4.4         26/21
   11.11.11.11/32   7.7.7.7         21/25
   12.12.12.12/32   4.4.4.4         27/22

ASBR2#

ASBR2#show mpls forwarding-table
Local  Outgoing    Prefix            Bytes tag  Outgoing   Next Hop
tag    tag or VC   or Tunnel Id      switched   interface
16     Pop tag     100.1.34.0/24     0          Se1/0      point2point
17     Pop tag     3.3.3.3/32        0          Se1/0      point2point
18     16          4.4.4.4/32        0          Se1/0      point2point
21     25          100:1:11.11.11.11/32    \
                                     1080       Se1/1      point2point
25     23          100:1:10.1.15.0/24    \
                                     540        Se1/1      point2point
26     21          100:1:10.1.46.0/24    \
                                     1120       Se1/0      point2point
27     22          100:1:12.12.12.12/32    \
                                     560        Se1/0      point2point
28     Pop tag     7.7.7.7/32        0          Se1/1      point2point
ASBR2#

Observation:

·         Since I have used next-hop-self option, the VPN labels is changed twice by ASBRs between PEs.
·         Now I have transport label between ASBRs, as of now it is implicit-null label (you can see a normal label if you have a router(s) between ASBRs)

P1#show mpls forwarding-table
Local  Outgoing    Prefix            Bytes tag  Outgoing   Next Hop
tag    tag or VC   or Tunnel Id      switched   interface
16     Pop tag     1.1.1.1/32        56121      Se1/1      point2point
17     Pop tag     7.7.7.7/32        70241      Se1/0      point2point
P1#

P2#show mpls forwarding-table
Local  Outgoing    Prefix            Bytes tag  Outgoing   Next Hop
tag    tag or VC   or Tunnel Id      switched   interface
16     Pop tag     4.4.4.4/32        64080      Se1/1      point2point
17     Pop tag     8.8.8.8/32        69271      Se1/0      point2point
P2#

CE1#trace 12.12.12.12

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 12.12.12.12

  1 10.1.15.1 72 msec 64 msec 24 msec
  2 100.1.12.2 [MPLS: Labels 17/26 Exp 0] 180 msec 184 msec 204 msec
  3 100.1.27.7 [MPLS: Label 26 Exp 0] 188 msec 236 msec 220 msec
  4 100.1.78.8 [MPLS: Label 27 Exp 0] 212 msec 236 msec 184 msec
  5 100.1.38.3 [MPLS: Labels 16/22 Exp 0] 160 msec 200 msec 144 msec
  6 10.1.46.4 [MPLS: Label 22 Exp 0] 216 msec 140 msec 188 msec
  7 10.1.46.6 216 msec *  220 msec
CE1#

CE2#trace 11.11.11.11

Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 11.11.11.11

  1 10.1.46.4 72 msec 64 msec 28 msec
  2 100.1.34.3 [MPLS: Labels 17/21 Exp 0] 216 msec 216 msec 220 msec
  3 100.1.38.8 [MPLS: Label 21 Exp 0] 220 msec 228 msec 128 msec
  4 100.1.78.7 [MPLS: Label 25 Exp 0] 204 msec 188 msec 188 msec
  5 100.1.27.2 [MPLS: Labels 16/22 Exp 0] 268 msec 184 msec 188 msec
  6 10.1.15.1 [MPLS: Label 22 Exp 0] 204 msec 164 msec 192 msec
  7 10.1.15.5 248 msec *  192 msec
CE2#


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